AI Engineer & Researcher

Jianing (Bruce) Fan.

I build and evaluate
AI systems.

My work spans LLM agents, evidence retrieval, and model evaluation, informed by a background in political science and public policy.

Columbia SIPA Data Science for Policy

M.I.A., Columbia SIPA

Data Science for Policy

Expected May 2027

AI Software Engineer

SIPA · Part-time

Portrait of Jianing (Bruce) Fan
Currently at Columbia University

M.I.A. · Data Science for Policy

Expected May 2027

AI Software Engineer

SIPA · Part-time

About me.

I came to AI through political science. Studying representation and working with constituent opinions in Congress made me attentive to how information is organized, and whose perspective survives that process.

At Columbia, I’ve deepened my skills in computing and machine learning while exploring how AI can be used in public policy. This builds on my background in political science and data analysis, and informs both my research and engineering work. I’m interested in building useful AI systems and understanding how they shape the ways people interpret evidence, make decisions, and work within institutions.

Research interests

AI evaluation · Institutional knowledge · Human–AI collaboration

Questions I’m exploring

How can we tell when an AI system is wrong?

A useful evaluation should reveal where a system stops being trustworthy. I’m interested in making failures visible and understanding how they change the conclusions we can responsibly draw.

How does institutional knowledge become a system?

Much of how an organization works is unwritten. Turning that knowledge into an AI workflow requires making definitions, evidence standards, and decision boundaries explicit, then checking them with the people who do the work.

What should we delegate to AI?

Even when a system can perform a task, deciding what to entrust to it remains a human judgment. I’m interested in the boundary between useful delegation, professional expertise, and responsibility.

Research.

AI-assisted measurement, human evaluation, and questions of representation.

Research / AI evaluation

Publications
ACM EAAMO 2026Accepted full paper · Oral presentation

Who Gets Heeded?

An Obligation-Level Audit of Responsiveness in EPA Rulemaking

Jianing Fan*, Yue Yao*

* Co-first authors; equal contribution.

Everyone has the formal right to comment on a proposed regulation. But where does that input meet the actual text of a rule?

We built an LLM-assisted pipeline to extract regulatory obligations, match public comments, and compare proposed and final rule text. Blind human audits test the measurements behind the findings.

My contributionI formulated the research question and led the research.

The central question: who has the capacity to identify, interpret, and contest a regulatory obligation?

Comments in the analytic sample
70,075
Anchor rulemakings
36
Proposed obligations, in 29 anchors
12,243

Figure 1 The pipeline makes its validation status visible, from extraction and matching to the outcome measures used in the findings. From our September 28 manuscript · CC BY 4.0.

Read the findings and measurement limits
What we find

Participation is more than access.

Greater engagement co-occurs with more revision across rulemakings. Supporting versus opposing comments do not clearly differentiate outcomes. Under a heuristic classification of commenter type, organizational-majority engagement is more common among editorially refined obligations than substantively modified ones.

What needs care

The measurement is part of the result.

A blind audit exposed low classifier–human agreement (κ = .137) when distinguishing editorial from substantive change. We recomputed the relevant finding with human-adjudicated labels. The commenter-type proxy remains unaudited, and within-rulemaking associations remain inconclusive.

Publications

  1. First page of Who Gets Heeded? by Jianing Fan and Yue Yao.

    Who Gets Heeded? An Obligation-Level Audit of Responsiveness in EPA Rulemaking

    Jianing Fan*, Yue Yao*

    ACM EAAMO 2026 · Accepted full paper · Oral presentation

    * Co-first authors; equal contribution.

Course projects.

All repositories

Course project · Computational social science

Congressional speech analysis

The U.S. House chamber · Context photograph.U.S. House / Office of the Speaker · Public domain ↗

An exploration of partisan differences in congressional speech from 2009–2016, using sentiment analysis and time-series visualization. This was an early bridge between my political science questions and computational methods.

Python · VADER · pandas · Plotly
View notebook ↗

Course project · NLP experiment

DistilBERT sentiment analysis

Bio Bristol cinema, Helsinki · Context photograph.Juho Nurmi / Helsinki City Museum · CC BY 4.0 · Cropped for display.

A movie-review classifier built in a notebook using fine-tuned DistilBERT. An interactive text prompt returns a sentiment label and model probabilities. I also examined failure cases involving sarcasm and negation.

PyTorch · Hugging Face · Evaluation
View notebook ↗

Selected writing

Writing on power
and representation.

Two unpublished essays from 2022, retaining the perspective of the time in which they were written.

Political theory · Representation

Data and Politics

Power and the Formatting of Constituents’ Opinions

Drawing on my experience in Congressman Ted Lieu’s office, this essay asks how the categories used to record constituents’ opinions shape what can be represented.

Jianing Fan · Unpublished essay

Read essay PDF
Jianing (Bruce) Fan seated at a desk in Congressman Ted Lieu’s Washington, D.C. office during his 2022 internship.

In Congressman Ted Lieu’s Washington, D.C. office during my 2022 internship.

Photo courtesy of Jianing Fan.

My internship in UCLA Newsroom August 2, 2022
American politics · Political time

From Disjunction to Reconstruction

A Comparative Analysis of Trump and Biden in Skowronek’s Presidential Regimes

A comparative reading of presidential authority through Stephen Skowronek’s framework, considering Trump’s disjunctive politics and Biden’s potential for reconstruction as of 2022.

Jianing Fan · Unpublished essay

Read essay PDF

Presidential transition: Trump, Obama and Biden at the January 2017 inauguration.

Cristian L. Ricardo / U.S. Marine Corps · Public domain ↗

The appearance of U.S. Department of War (DoW) visual information does not imply or constitute DoW endorsement.

  1. –
    present

    Columbia University · SIPA

    AI Software Engineer · Part-time

  2. Fall

    Columbia AI Alignment Club (CAIAC)

    Advanced Technical Fellow

    ARENA-based study of interpretability, evaluations, and alignment science.

  3. 2024–25
    2026

    Noah Medical

    AI/ML Engineer

  4. Office of Congressman Ted Lieu

    Congressional Intern · U.S. House of Representatives

    Work with constituents’ opinions informed my essay on data and representation.

Education.

  1. Expected

    Columbia University

    M.I.A. · Data Science for Policy concentration

    School of International and Public Affairs

  2. University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

    B.A. in Political Science

Continue the conversation

Let’s work on
a good question.

I’m interested in AI engineering opportunities, research collaborations, and conversations across technology and public policy.

Research figure

Scroll sideways to read the full figure.